A measurement of piano playing

Third lift

The same lift, but measured only among the notes of the right hand.

What it sounds like

The same passage — Mozart K. 545, bars 1–4 — from the recordings that sit lowest and highest on this measurement. Every clip is a note list replayed on one sampled grand at one gain, so the only difference you are hearing is the playing.

Least

Paul Badura Skoda, 2014 — bars 1–4, third lift 2.5 vel8 s
Siegfried Mauser, 2017 — bars 1–4, third lift 3.4 vel7 s

Most

Leon McCawley, 2006 — bars 1–4, third lift 21.5 vel8 s
Roberto Prosseda, 2017 — bars 1–4, third lift 17.2 vel8 s

How it is calculated

Top-note velocity minus the mean of the other right-hand notes of the chord.

How much pianists differ on it

Every piece in the library, with the range across its recordings. The units mean the same thing in every row, except for basic tempo, which is in each piece’s own beat.

PieceRecordingsLowestMedianHighest
Ravel Ondine611.14.910.7
Chopin Étude 10/12192.47.010.4
Rachmaninoff Prelude294.28.917.4
Chopin Ballade 4126.59.513.2
Nocturne Op. 48/1275.39.712.4
Mozart K. 545372.510.021.5
Gymnopédie 1234.713.019.8
Nocturne Op. 9/2329.314.422.8
Pathétique II4710.614.618.1
Schubert Op. 142/399.115.019.0
Träumerei317.115.023.7
Clair de lune278.815.221.5
Brahms Op. 118/22810.616.321.1
Ravel Pavane339.316.922.9
Schubert Op. 90/3438.517.929.9

How reliably it can be measured

A Disklavier capture — the pianist’s own key sensors, no microphone — was rendered to audio, transcribed as if it were a recording, and re-measured. The error the transcription step introduces, as a multiple of how far pianists actually differ on this dial, is 0.86. fair Usable, but the error is worth stating alongside any single value.