A measurement of piano playing

Pedal rate

How often the pedal is changed.

What it sounds like

The same passage — Ravel Pavane, bars 1–2 — from the recordings that sit lowest and highest on this measurement. Every clip is a note list replayed on one sampled grand at one gain, so the only difference you are hearing is the playing.

Least

Marcelle Meyer, 1954 — bars 1–2, pedal rate 1.39 /bar9 s
Lang Lang, 2023 — bars 1–2, pedal rate 1.51 /bar12 s

Most

Angela Hewitt, 2002 — bars 1–2, pedal rate 3.34 /bar13 s
Walter Gieseking, 1954 — bars 1–2, pedal rate 2.91 /bar13 s

How it is calculated

Number of pedal presses divided by the number of bars played.

How much pianists differ on it

Every piece in the library, with the range across its recordings. The units mean the same thing in every row, except for basic tempo, which is in each piece’s own beat.

PieceRecordingsLowestMedianHighest
Mozart K. 545370.040.391.11
Gymnopédie 1230.540.991.19
Chopin Étude 10/1310.791.041.69
Bach Prelude in C240.031.172.00
Ravel Ondine610.621.522.77
Fantaisie-Impromptu201.361.612.01
Clair de lune270.831.662.21
Brahms Op. 118/2281.481.842.29
Chopin Étude 10/12191.411.992.64
Chopin Ballade 4121.832.202.60
Ravel Pavane331.392.233.34
Rachmaninoff Prelude291.612.253.15
Träumerei311.362.294.50
Nocturne Op. 48/1271.882.343.03
Pathétique II471.532.343.78
Schubert Op. 90/3431.922.593.35
Schubert Op. 142/392.062.693.06
Nocturne Op. 9/2322.533.424.53

How reliably it can be measured

A Disklavier capture — the pianist’s own key sensors, no microphone — was rendered to audio, transcribed as if it were a recording, and re-measured. The error the transcription step introduces, as a multiple of how far pianists actually differ on this dial, is 1.43. noisy The transcription moves this dial about as far as pianists differ on it, so no claim should rest on where a single recording sits.