A measurement of piano playing

Pedal lag

Whether the pedal is caught before or after the chord it holds.

What it sounds like

The same passage — Gymnopédie 1, bars 1–3 — from the recordings that sit lowest and highest on this measurement. Every clip is a note list replayed on one sampled grand at one gain, so the only difference you are hearing is the playing.

Least

Cristina Ariagno, 2013 — bars 1–3, pedal lag 89 ms9 s
Alessandra Celletti, 2022 — bars 1–3, pedal lag 92 ms6 s

Most

Reinbert de Leeuw, 1980 — bars 1–3, pedal lag 319 ms12 s
Bertrand Chamayou, 2016 — bars 1–3, pedal lag 311 ms6 s

How it is calculated

Median of (pedal press time) minus (the nearest preceding chord onset). Large positive values are syncopated pedalling: the harmony sounds first, the pedal catches it after.

How much pianists differ on it

Every piece in the library, with the range across its recordings. The units mean the same thing in every row, except for basic tempo, which is in each piece’s own beat.

PieceRecordingsLowestMedianHighest
Chopin Étude 10/131314772
Chopin Étude 10/1219426487
Fantaisie-Impromptu206790130
Mozart K. 545375093163
Schubert Op. 90/3435397179
Bach Prelude in C2468115307
Schubert Op. 142/3982117140
Ravel Ondine6156125254
Chopin Ballade 412106136169
Rachmaninoff Prelude2981137210
Nocturne Op. 9/23293159256
Nocturne Op. 48/127117168297
Clair de lune27132180283
Gymnopédie 12389215319
Pathétique II47116220279
Ravel Pavane33145232354
Brahms Op. 118/228143246324
Träumerei31159253426

How reliably it can be measured

A Disklavier capture — the pianist’s own key sensors, no microphone — was rendered to audio, transcribed as if it were a recording, and re-measured. The error the transcription step introduces, as a multiple of how far pianists actually differ on this dial, is 0.73. fair Usable, but the error is worth stating alongside any single value.