A measurement of piano playing

Melody lead

Within one hand, whether the top note speaks before the notes under it.

What it sounds like

The same passage — Träumerei, bars 2–3 — from the recordings that sit lowest and highest on this measurement. Every clip is a note list replayed on one sampled grand at one gain, so the only difference you are hearing is the playing.

Least

Clara Haskil, 1955 — bars 2–3, melody lead 4 ms9 s
Vladimir Ashkenazy, 1987 — bars 2–3, melody lead 5 ms10 s

Most

Kun-Woo Paik, 2020 — bars 2–3, melody lead 57 ms12 s
Anatol Ugorski, 1995 — bars 2–3, melody lead 36 ms12 s

How it is calculated

Median of (mean onset of the other notes of the chord) minus (onset of the top note). Positive means the melody note comes first.

How much pianists differ on it

Every piece in the library, with the range across its recordings. The units mean the same thing in every row, except for basic tempo, which is in each piece’s own beat.

PieceRecordingsLowestMedianHighest
Chopin Étude 10/1219137
Nocturne Op. 48/127049
Ravel Ondine61-1515
Mozart K. 54537-1924
Chopin Ballade 4124918
Rachmaninoff Prelude2931027
Nocturne Op. 9/23261644
Gymnopédie 12351740
Pathétique II4751744
Schubert Op. 142/3971826
Träumerei3141857
Ravel Pavane3361846
Clair de lune2781934
Schubert Op. 90/34322255
Brahms Op. 118/22842341

How reliably it can be measured

A Disklavier capture — the pianist’s own key sensors, no microphone — was rendered to audio, transcribed as if it were a recording, and re-measured. The error the transcription step introduces, as a multiple of how far pianists actually differ on this dial, is 0.32. solid This dial survives transcription intact: where one recording sits on it can be argued from.