A measurement of piano playing

Hand dislocation

Whether the hands land together, and which arrives first.

What it sounds like

The same passage — Clair de lune, bars 15–16 — from the recordings that sit lowest and highest on this measurement. Every clip is a note list replayed on one sampled grand at one gain, so the only difference you are hearing is the playing.

Least

Lang Lang, 2019 — bars 15–16, hand dislocation -32 ms13 s
Walter Gieseking, 1953 — bars 15–16, hand dislocation -31 ms10 s

Most

Ivan Moravec, 1967 — bars 15–16, hand dislocation 36 ms10 s
Moura Lympany, 1952 — bars 15–16, hand dislocation 14 ms8 s

How it is calculated

Mean left-hand onset minus mean right-hand onset, per chord written to be struck together. Negative means the left hand leads.

How much pianists differ on it

Every piece in the library, with the range across its recordings. The units mean the same thing in every row, except for basic tempo, which is in each piece’s own beat.

PieceRecordingsLowestMedianHighest
Ravel Ondine61-40-1218
Schubert Op. 142/39-20-10-5
Clair de lune27-32-736
Chopin Étude 10/131-48-314
Chopin Ballade 412-14-29
Nocturne Op. 9/232-36-155
Chopin Étude 10/1219-2208
Nocturne Op. 48/127-16119
Schubert Op. 90/343-51160
Mozart K. 54537-7211
Fantaisie-Impromptu20-29628
Rachmaninoff Prelude29-3726
Pathétique II47-41830
Brahms Op. 118/228-591045
Ravel Pavane33-381030
Träumerei31-501159
Gymnopédie 123-491558

How reliably it can be measured

A Disklavier capture — the pianist’s own key sensors, no microphone — was rendered to audio, transcribed as if it were a recording, and re-measured. The error the transcription step introduces, as a multiple of how far pianists actually differ on this dial, is 0.35. solid This dial survives transcription intact: where one recording sits on it can be argued from.