A measurement of piano playing

Hand balance

How much louder the right hand is than the left.

What it sounds like

The same passage — Gymnopédie 1, bars 5–7 — from the recordings that sit lowest and highest on this measurement. Every clip is a note list replayed on one sampled grand at one gain, so the only difference you are hearing is the playing.

Least

Cristina Ariagno, 2013 — bars 5–7, hand balance 11.6 vel8 s
Frank Glazer, 1968 — bars 5–7, hand balance 16.4 vel6 s

Most

Noriko Ogawa, 2016 — bars 5–7, hand balance 35.8 vel7 s
Bertrand Chamayou, 2016 — bars 5–7, hand balance 34.9 vel9 s

How it is calculated

Mean right-hand velocity minus mean left-hand velocity, per chord.

How much pianists differ on it

Every piece in the library, with the range across its recordings. The units mean the same thing in every row, except for basic tempo, which is in each piece’s own beat.

PieceRecordingsLowestMedianHighest
Chopin Étude 10/131-5.03.011.8
Ravel Ondine61-2.33.28.5
Nocturne Op. 48/1273.77.911.7
Pathétique II472.88.213.3
Chopin Ballade 4126.49.916.7
Chopin Étude 10/12197.110.517.2
Rachmaninoff Prelude295.910.916.8
Ravel Pavane335.811.418.6
Brahms Op. 118/2289.214.122.9
Fantaisie-Impromptu208.914.520.2
Clair de lune2710.715.019.5
Träumerei319.115.824.8
Schubert Op. 142/3913.315.819.1
Schubert Op. 90/34311.117.423.9
Mozart K. 545379.818.624.3
Gymnopédie 12311.625.235.8
Nocturne Op. 9/23216.825.731.9

How reliably it can be measured

A Disklavier capture — the pianist’s own key sensors, no microphone — was rendered to audio, transcribed as if it were a recording, and re-measured. The error the transcription step introduces, as a multiple of how far pianists actually differ on this dial, is 1.98. noisy The transcription moves this dial about as far as pianists differ on it, so no claim should rest on where a single recording sits.