A measurement of piano playing

Grain

How evenly the notes between the beats are spaced — the fine grain of the pulse.

What it sounds like

The same passage — Chopin Étude 10/12, bars 11–14 — from the recordings that sit lowest and highest on this measurement. Every clip is a note list replayed on one sampled grand at one gain, so the only difference you are hearing is the playing.

Least

Maurizio Pollini, 1972 — bars 11–14, grain 6.2 % of beat7 s
Claudio Arrau, 1956 — bars 11–14, grain 7.5 % of beat7 s

Most

Murray Perahia, 2001 — bars 11–14, grain 10.7 % of beat7 s
İdil Biret, 1990 — bars 11–14, grain 10.1 % of beat8 s

How it is calculated

Standard deviation of where off-beat eighths actually fall, relative to a straight line drawn between the surrounding beat times, as a percentage of the beat.

How much pianists differ on it

Every piece in the library, with the range across its recordings. The units mean the same thing in every row, except for basic tempo, which is in each piece’s own beat.

PieceRecordingsLowestMedianHighest
Bach Prelude in C271.83.026.5
Pathétique II472.33.55.3
Schubert Op. 142/394.54.99.8
Mozart K. 545374.36.010.7
Nocturne Op. 9/2324.66.38.7
Chopin Étude 10/1314.66.812.7
Chopin Ballade 4126.47.011.2
Brahms Op. 118/2284.07.112.1
Rachmaninoff Prelude295.07.618.1
Clair de lune275.38.212.3
Ravel Pavane335.28.511.7
Träumerei315.19.217.8
Nocturne Op. 48/1277.89.614.4
Chopin Étude 10/12196.29.812.1
Schubert Op. 90/3437.49.914.7
Ravel Ondine617.910.215.6
Fantaisie-Impromptu207.310.818.8

How reliably it can be measured

A Disklavier capture — the pianist’s own key sensors, no microphone — was rendered to audio, transcribed as if it were a recording, and re-measured. The error the transcription step introduces, as a multiple of how far pianists actually differ on this dial, is 1.00. noisy The transcription moves this dial about as far as pianists differ on it, so no claim should rest on where a single recording sits.