A measurement of piano playing

Climax span

How much louder the piece's high point is than its opening.

What it sounds like

The same passage — Ravel Ondine, bars 58–60 — from the recordings that sit lowest and highest on this measurement. Every clip is a note list replayed on one sampled grand at one gain, so the only difference you are hearing is the playing.

Least

Seong-Jin Cho, 2024 — bars 58–60, climax span 8 vel12 s
François-Joël Thiollier, 1994 — bars 58–60, climax span 10 vel12 s

Most

Werner Haas, 1965 — bars 58–60, climax span 33 vel12 s
Jan Lisiecki, 2022 — bars 58–60, climax span 32 vel12 s

How it is calculated

Mean melody velocity in the climax section minus the opening section.

How much pianists differ on it

Every piece in the library, with the range across its recordings. The units mean the same thing in every row, except for basic tempo, which is in each piece’s own beat.

PieceRecordingsLowestMedianHighest
Pathétique II47-8-23
Nocturne Op. 9/232-6-17
Gymnopédie 123-3-12
Mozart K. 54537-405
Chopin Étude 10/131-514
Brahms Op. 118/228-316
Chopin Étude 10/1219-215
Träumerei31-437
Bach Prelude in C27-1417
Schubert Op. 90/343-3411
Fantaisie-Impromptu20-2713
Schubert Op. 142/393710
Ravel Pavane33-3815
Nocturne Op. 48/1273918
Chopin Ballade 41291114
Clair de lune27122332
Ravel Ondine6182338
Rachmaninoff Prelude29132850

How reliably it can be measured

A Disklavier capture — the pianist’s own key sensors, no microphone — was rendered to audio, transcribed as if it were a recording, and re-measured. The error the transcription step introduces, as a multiple of how far pianists actually differ on this dial, is 1.95. noisy The transcription moves this dial about as far as pianists differ on it, so no claim should rest on where a single recording sits.